Empowering Health technology assessments through Population-adjusted indirect comparisons

As health technology assessment (HTA) becomes increasingly central to healthcare decision-making, population-adjusted indirect comparisons (PAICs) have emerged as critical tools. These methods allow researchers to compare treatments across trials with varying populations, addressing situations where head-to-head comparisons are unavailable or impractical. Here, we will examine the development of PAICs, their role in network meta-analysis (NMA), and the ongoing debates around their application.